Bootstrap Basics #1
What is Bootstrap?
- Bootstrap is a free front-end framework for faster and easier web development
- Bootstrap includes HTML and CSS based design templates for typography, forms, buttons, tables, navigation, modals, image carousels and many other, as well as optional JavaScript plugins
- Bootstrap also gives you the ability to easily create responsive designs.
Bootstrap 3 vs. Bootstrap 4
Bootstrap 4 is the newest version of Bootstrap; with new components, faster stylesheet and more responsiveness.
Bootstrap 4 supports the latest, stable releases of all major browsers and platforms. However, Internet Explorer 9 and down is not supported.
Why Use Bootstrap?
Advantages of Bootstrap:
- Easy to use: Anybody with just basic knowledge of HTML and CSS can start using Bootstrap
- Responsive features: Bootstrap's responsive CSS adjusts to phones, tablets, and desktops
- Mobile-first approach: In Bootstrap, mobile-first styles are part of the core framework
- Browser compatibility: Bootstrap 4 is compatible with all modern browsers (Chrome, Firefox, Internet Explorer 10+, Edge, Safari, and Opera).
Create First Web Page With Bootstrap 4
1. Add the HTML5 doctype
Bootstrap 4 uses HTML elements and CSS properties that require the HTML5 doctype.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
</head>
</html>
2. Bootstrap 4 is mobile-first
Bootstrap 4 is designed to be responsive to mobile devices. Mobile-first styles are part of the core framework.
To ensure proper rendering and touch zooming, add the following <meta> tag inside the <head> element:
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
3. Containers
Bootstrap 4 also requires a containing element to wrap site contents.
There are two container classes to choose from:
- The
.containerclass provides a responsive fixed width container - The
.container-fluidclass provides a full width container, spanning the entire width of the viewport.
Use the .container class to create a responsive, fixed-width container.
Note that its width (max-width) will change on different screen sizes.
Fluid Container
Use the .container-fluid class to create a full width container, that will always span the entire width of the screen (width is always 100%)
Container Padding
By default, containers have 15px left and right padding, with no top or bottom padding. Therefore, we often use spacing utilities, such as extra padding and margins to make them look even better. For example, .pt-3 means "add a top padding of 16px"
Example:
<div class="container pt-3"></div>
Container Border and Color
Other utilities, such as borders and colors, are also often used together with containers.
Example:
<div class="container p-3 my-3 bg-primary text-white"></div>
Responsive Containers
You can also use the .container-sm|md|lg|xl classes to create responsive containers.
The max-width of the container will change on different screen sizes/viewports.
Example:
<div class="container-sm">.container-sm</div>
<div class="container-md">.container-md</div>
<div class="container-lg">.container-lg</div>
<div class="container-xl">.container-xl</div>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.16.0/umd/popper.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/css/bootstrap.min.css">
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/popper.js/1.16.0/umd/popper.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.5.2/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script>
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